Citrulline malate is a compound combining L-citrulline (an amino acid precursor to nitric oxide) with malic acid (a Krebs cycle intermediate).

To maximize benefits, take citrulline malate 30–60 minutes before exercise. This timing allows the body to convert it to arginine and produce nitric oxide when your body needs it most.

It can be taken on an empty stomach, but if you experience stomach discomfort, take it with a small amount of food. The malate component may help buffer acidity, reducing digestive upset.

Most research supports pre-workout use on training days. The performance benefits are acute (i.e., more prominent when taken before exercise). Daily use on non workout days is less clearly beneficial.

Short-term studies using doses up to ~10 g have shown good safety with minimal adverse effects.